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Photography Composition: Negative Space
Negative space is the space within a photograph which is left unused. Negative space is a great way to help add emphasis to your main subject. Negative space is generally just one color (or black or white) and takes up a fairly large portion of a photograph. Using a simply background such as a clear sky or a white table are two good examples of items which could produce negative space.
However, negative space doesn't need to be a solid color. Negative space can also be a textured color with various degrees of details. For example, in the picture below the negative space is the field of wheat before the farm.

Other photography pages of interest
High and low key
photography
How to use negative
space in photography
Using rhythm and pattern
in photography
Rule of thirds
Golden ratio